Gary, My answer is, No--you don't need to and should not lecture more for "younger" students. In my opinion, lecturing shortchanges students at any level, In fact, I think it borders on being unethical to use practices that perpetuate what I see as a very real deficiency in our educational system. If students lack reading skills, they have a permanent handicap and, if we (TBL users) don't hold them responsible for improving their reading skills, who will? (certainly not our colleagues who lecture) That said, I think there is a lot we can do to help build both their reading competence and confidence--both of which are important. These include things like: - making sure that they understand why we don't want to lecture (it's in their long-run best interest) - carefully selecting what we ask them to read so that they get what they need in a readable form. - providing materials that inform them about good strategies for reading. - providing reading guides--i.e., when you finish this reading, here are some questions you should be able to answer. - using technology to underscore key concepts (e.g. iPod downloads of PowerPoints with or without voice over--others will know a lot more about this than I do). I hope this helps. Larry -- Larry K. Michaelsen Professor of Management University of Central Missouri Dockery 400G Warrensburg, MO 64093 [log in to unmask] <---PLEASE NOTE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS !!! 660/543-4124 voice 660/543-8465 fax