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Hi Michael

Thanks for the study citation. One reason why delaying feedback may aid recall, is the tendency of many students to search, because of impatience, for answers while waiting to be told them, which can have a reinforcement effect. One reason why immediate feedback may not have a beneficial effect is if students decide an option (a-e) by simple consensus on the answer instead of discussing it (i.e. no cognitive processing). In other words, the latent variable seems to be cognitive processing by the student

Warm regards/gary

(This is an edited version of the response I sent Michael directly without realising it wasn't also posting to the list)
________________________________________
From: Team-Based Learning [[log in to unmask]] on behalf of Michael Kramer [[log in to unmask]]
Sent: Thursday, 19 May 2016 02:49
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Delayed Feedback Generates Better Retention than Immediate Feedback?

In the paper, linked below, Roediger and Butler state that "[c]onventional wisdom and studies in behavioral psychology indicate that providing feedback immediately after a test is best. However, experimental results show that delayed feedback might be even more powerful" (23). They then show the results from an experiment where students who received immediate feedback after each question had better recall one week later than students who received the correct answers only after the entire exam was completed. They hypothesize that "[t]he benefits of delayed feedback might represent a type of spacing effect: the phenomenon whereby two presentations of material given with spacing between them generally leads to better retention than massed (back-to-back) presentations."

http://psych.wustl.edu/memory/Roddy%20article%20PDF's/Roediger%20&%20Butler%20(2011)_TCS.pdf


Of course we don't know if the same results would occur in group environments. Since most of us only use immediate feedback in the team readiness assessments, that would be a useful thing to know.



Michael Kramer
Department of History and Philosophy
York College (CUNY)
94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd.
Jamaica, NY 11451
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